1. Executive Summary

• The US Senate confirmed President Trump's former personal lawyer Todd Blanche as attorney general (50–49), placing a presidential loyalist atop the Justice Department amid accusations of politicization.
• Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan signed a mutual defence pact in Mecca — the most explicit step yet toward a new, post-American Middle East security architecture during the ongoing US-Iran war.
• Russia carried out the deadliest strikes on Kyiv this year (17 killed in one barrage) and continued lethal overnight attacks; President Zelensky made his first official visit to Serbia, a Moscow-friendly state refusing to sanction Russia.
• Iran says a shipping accord with Oman on the Strait of Hormuz is near finalization while its parliament reviews banning US- and Israeli-linked ships — Washington rejects the plan, and UN data shows the disruption is already hitting global energy and fertilizer trade.
• The Ceuta migration crisis exploded into a Spain–Italy diplomatic confrontation, with Madrid imposing border checks on all air and sea arrivals from Italy and exposing Schengen's fragility.
• Colombia's new right-wing president, Abelardo de la Espriella, was sworn in as Washington pledged $1bn in security aid; the ELN guerrilla group is preparing for a return to war.
• The Ebola outbreak in DR Congo surpassed 4,000 cases (Bundibugyo strain) with suspected mutation and a new vaccine trial launched as part of a scaled-up response.
• Sudan's war entered its fourth year with el-Obeid under siege, famine risk spreading, and the UN warning that "Sudan is losing another generation"; South Sudan faces famine in four counties.
• In Gaza, UNICEF reports 300 children killed in 300 days of the October "ceasefire"; Israel indicted a settler for killing a Palestinian activist in the first such prosecution this decade.
• Washington's policy blitz continued: the Senate passed a funding bill averting shutdown through the midterms; Trump signed new birthright citizenship orders; and TPS protections ended for Haitians and South Sudanese.

2. Global Top Stories

Trump Loyalist Todd Blanche Narrowly Confirmed as US Attorney General

• Source: France 24 · link | The Guardian · link | BBC · link | Al Jazeera · link
• What happened: The Senate voted 50–49 early Saturday to confirm Todd Blanche, Trump's former criminal-defense lawyer, as attorney general. Louisiana Republican Bill Cassidy cast the deciding vote after Susan Collins and Lisa Murkowski broke ranks; every Democrat voted no. Blanche had been serving in an acting capacity since Trump fired Pam Bondi. Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer accused Republicans of enabling "pervasive, breathtaking corruption," citing outcry over a reported $1.8bn fund associated with the administration.
• Why it matters: A president's personal attorney now sits atop US federal law enforcement — a break from the norm of prosecutorial independence. Democrats argue the Department of Justice will be weaponized politically; the confirmation also signals the Senate's willingness to defer to the White House on personnel.
• Outlook: Watch for early DOJ personnel and investigative decisions, ongoing litigation over the reported fund, and the political fallout ahead of November's midterms. Blanche's confirmation was part of a broader Senate push that also confirmed David Brat as ambassador to Australia.

Iran and the US Dig In Over the Strait of Hormuz

• Source: NPR · link | Deutsche Welle · link | Foreign Policy · link | UN News · link
• What happened: More than five months into the US-Iran war, Tehran is pursuing a two-track strategy. Iran's parliament is reviewing a plan to ban ships linked to the US, Israel and other "hostile countries" from transiting the Strait of Hormuz and to charge other nations a toll, while Iranian officials say a shipping accord with Oman is in its final stages, including an understanding on route coordinates. The Trump administration has rejected the plan. UN data shows sharp falls in exports of energy, fertilizers and industrial products through the chokepoint.
• Why it matters: Hormuz is the world's most consequential maritime chokepoint; any Iranian control — even partial — would mark a major geopolitical shift in Tehran's favor, analysts say. Disruption is already feeding into global food and energy prices. Separately, the Guardian reports Tehran is deliberately stretching negotiations to keep Trump entangled in the war through the US midterms, while Trump's repeated threats-and-backdown cycle has drawn ridicule.
• Outlook: Watch whether the Iran-Oman deal is finalized and how the US responds; Qatar-mediated indirect talks are reportedly making progress, but no breakthrough is confirmed.

Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan Sign Mutual Defence Pact

• Source: France 24 · link | BBC · link | Foreign Policy · link | Al Jazeera · link
• What happened: On Friday, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Turkey signed a joint defence agreement in Mecca under which any act of aggression against one is treated as an attack on all three. The joint statement did not specify whether the pact commits signatories to specific military action in each other's defence — a deliberate ambiguity. The agreement comes amid the fallout of the US-Iran war and was framed by analysts as a response to "aggressive Iranian and Israeli operations" in the region.
• Why it matters: This is the closest the Middle East has come to a NATO-style collective defence arrangement, and it signals a deepening post-American security architecture. The alignment of the Gulf's dominant power with a NATO member (Turkey) and a nuclear-armed state (Pakistan) reshapes deterrence calculations for Iran, Israel and Washington alike — though enforcement and interoperability questions remain open.
• Outlook: Watch for follow-on military cooperation agreements and for whether the pact intersects with the Trump administration's stalled demand that Saudi Arabia normalize with Israel as a condition of its civilian nuclear deal.

Russia Pounds Ukraine as Zelensky Makes Landmark Visit to Serbia

• Source: Politico · link | France 24 · link | BBC · link | UN News · link | Politico (EU sanctions) · link
• What happened: Russia carried out one of its deadliest barrages on Kyiv this year mid-week, killing 17 people, and continued overnight strikes that killed at least 12 across Ukraine, including a child in the Kyiv region, authorities said. UN Secretary-General António Guterres condemned the attacks as "a clear violation" of international law. Zelensky, warning of dwindling missile-interceptor supplies, arrived in Belgrade for his first official visit to Serbia — a country with close ties to Moscow that refuses to sanction Russia. Serbia's Aleksandar Vučić is attempting a diplomatic "balancing act." The EU added five people to its Russia sanctions list; the US Senate passed a Russia sanctions bill that faces an uphill battle in the House in September.
• Why it matters: Ukraine's air-defense shortage is acute, and allied reluctance to supply more interceptors is a growing strategic vulnerability. Zelensky's Serbia trip tests Moscow's influence in the Balkans; separately, analysts warn Russia and Ukraine are mutually shutting down Black Sea shipping, portending a new global food shortage. Ukrainian medics report being deliberately targeted by drones.
• Outlook: Official Kyiv-Belgrade talks continue Saturday; watch for any Serbian arms commitments. The House's September return will determine the fate of the Senate-passed Russia sanctions bill.

Ceuta Crisis: Spain and Italy Impose Reciprocal Border Controls

• Source: BBC · link | Politico · link | The Guardian · link | Politico (analysis) · link
• What happened: Spain has imposed temporary border checks on all air and sea arrivals from Italy, starting at midnight Saturday and lasting until 7 September, in retaliation for Rome's suspension of Schengen checks following an unprecedented influx of roughly 78,000 people from Morocco into Spain's North African exclave of Ceuta. Ceuta's mayor-president says around 100 deaths occurred during the rush and thousands of migrants remain in the territory. Italy's government said it "won't take orders" from Madrid and will keep its own controls until at least 15 August, despite Spain's ultimatum to restore passport-free travel by Sunday.
• Why it matters: This is a rare bilateral rupture inside the EU's border-free area, driven by the Sánchez–Meloni ideological clash over migration. Analysts say the crisis reveals the limits of European solidarity — and, per Foreign Policy, exposes how little European leaders can be trusted on collective security when national politics intervene. It also hands leverage to Morocco, which controls the land border into Ceuta.
• Outlook: Spain's ultimatum expires Sunday; reciprocal queues at airports and ports could disrupt peak tourist season. EU institutions may be pulled in to mediate, but neither capital appears ready to back down before the 15 August deadline.

Colombia's New Hard-Right President Takes Office With $1bn US Backing

• Source: BBC · link | The Guardian · link | NPR · link | The Guardian (ELN) · link
• What happened: Abelardo de la Espriella — "The Tiger" — was sworn in as Colombia's president at a military garrison in Cali, vowing an "all-out war" on what he calls narco-terrorism and promising austerity to restore confidence in the economy. The US State Department announced plans for $1bn in security assistance shortly after his inauguration. Meanwhile, Guardian reporting from the jungle indicates the ELN guerrilla group is preparing its own return to war, hunkering down and arming for a new military offensive.
• Why it matters: Colombia's hard pivot signals the end of the peace-process era and a renewed military confrontation with armed groups. The $1bn pledge deepens Washington's security alignment with Bogotá under Trump. Analysts note rural neglect has produced a continual security crisis — the countryside remains the core battleground, and the new president's crackdown carries significant civilian-risk and displacement implications.
• Outlook: Watch for the first military offensives, ELN retaliatory attacks, and whether US aid is conditioned on specific counter-narcotics or human-rights benchmarks. FIFA President Infantino attended the inauguration amid his own governance crisis.

DR Congo Ebola Outbreak Passes 4,000 Cases; Mutation Feared

• Source: UN News · link | The Guardian · link | Deutsche Welle · link | UN News (vaccine) · link
• What happened: Confirmed Ebola cases in eastern DR Congo have surpassed 4,000 — the largest outbreak of the rare Bundibugyo species on record — with more than 300 children among the dead. Health officials fear the virus may be mutating. The outbreak has reached displacement camps, with 19 internally displaced people infected and five killed, according to UNHCR. Africa's public health watchdog announced a major escalation, including a door-to-door search for patients, and plans to deploy a vaccine developed for another Ebola strain. A trial for the world's first vaccine against the Bundibugyo species has launched, though results are months away.
• Why it matters: The outbreak is spreading in a conflict-affected region with weak health infrastructure and large displaced populations — an ideal environment for amplification. Cross-border spread would strain neighboring states' health systems. The vaccine question is now urgent: officials are weighing deploying a different-strain vaccine on an emergency basis.
• Outlook: Watch case trajectory in the coming weeks, the door-to-door campaign's effectiveness, and interim results from the cross-strain vaccine deployment. Funding and access in conflict zones will determine whether the response keeps pace.

Sudan: Besieged El-Obeid Faces Starvation and Atrocity Risks

• Source: NPR · link | UN News · link | BBC · link
• What happened: UN officials warned that the besieged Sudanese city of el-Obeid is being battered by relentless drone strikes, faces critical water shortages and a worsening cholera outbreak, with women and girls reporting high rates of sexual violence — a combination that risks mass atrocities. UN Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed said more than 1,000 days of war mean "Sudan is losing another generation," with millions of children out of school, displaced, or exposed to grave violations. BBC reporting details how babies born as a result of rape often cannot obtain birth certificates, leaving them legally invisible for life.
• Why it matters: Sudan's war is producing catastrophic humanitarian outcomes and increasingly resembles a slow-motion genocide, per UN warnings. The conflict destabilizes the wider Sahel and Red Sea region. Famine and disease are becoming weapons of war, with access for aid workers constrained.
• Outlook: Watch for UN Security Council action, continued fighting around el-Obeid and Khartoum, and any negotiations on humanitarian corridors. Separately, the Security Council was briefed on famine risk in four South Sudanese counties, with nearly eight million people facing crisis-level hunger.

Gaza: 300 Children Killed Since "Ceasefire"; Israel Indicts Settler

• Source: UN News · link | The Guardian · link | BBC · link | The Guardian (Board of Peace) · link
• What happened: UNICEF said at least 300 children in Gaza have been killed in 300 days since the October ceasefire supposedly suspended military operations — a ceasefire the UN's OCHA says has left Gaza "unsafe for civilians" amid continued Israeli attacks, including on schools. Separately, Israeli prosecutors indicted extremist settler Yinon Levy for manslaughter over the July 2025 shooting of Palestinian activist Awdeh Hathaleen — the first attempt this decade to hold an Israeli responsible for killing a Palestinian in the occupied West Bank. Meanwhile, Trump's Board of Peace issued its first Gaza construction contract: a rudimentary 150-person military outpost to house Moroccan troops, awarded to Louisiana firm Arkel International and not yet finalized.
• Why it matters: The ceasefire's fragility is now quantified in child casualties, undermining hopes of a durable end to hostilities. The settler indictment, while a single case, challenges a long-standing culture of impunity and could reshape West Bank dynamics. The Board of Peace's first contract being a military facility — rather than housing or infrastructure — signals the reconstruction plan's security-first character.
• Outlook: Watch Israel's upcoming election, which analysts call potentially its most pivotal; continued ceasefire-violation reporting; and the fate of the Hamas disarmament deal, which experts say remains politically untenable for now.

Washington's Policy Blitz: Funding Bill, Birthright Orders, TPS End

• Source: The Guardian · link | BBC · link | The Guardian (Haiti) · link | The Guardian (South Sudan) · link
• What happened: The US Senate passed a continuing resolution (90–6) that keeps the government funded at current levels through 11 December — more than a month past the midterms — pending House approval. President Trump signed two new executive orders targeting birthright citizenship, including a ban on birth tourism and an expanded definition of whose children are ineligible. A federal judge allowed the administration to end Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for South Sudanese nationals, and the administration officially stripped protections for hundreds of thousands of Haitians, with DHS Secretary Markwayne Mullin saying of enforcement: "We're going after them right now."
• Why it matters: The funding bill removes a shutdown risk during the election campaign. The birthright and TPS actions are among the most consequential immigration-policy shifts in a generation, exposing hundreds of thousands of people to potential deportation to countries facing violence, unrest and economic collapse — with litigation expected to follow.
• Outlook: The House must pass the CR in September; court challenges to the TPS terminations and birthright orders are likely. Watch implementation timelines and the humanitarian consequences in Haiti and South Sudan.

3. Regional Analysis

North America

• US political system under strain: Beyond the Blanche confirmation, the week's news underscored executive-legislative tension — Trump vowed to appeal a federal appeals court ruling halting the $400m White House ballroom project for lack of congressional approval, while a watchdog found Doge overstated its claimed savings by a wide margin. Trump denied reports of a US weapons shortage and said "leakers" are being "hunted down."
• Diplomatic footprint shrinking: The State Department informed Congress it will close five consulates in Canada, Grenada, Japan, Indonesia and Cameroon, citing costs. Critics warn the move leaves a diplomatic vacuum China could fill — an argument with direct great-power-competition implications.
• Climate and social stress: Massive wildfires near Spokane destroyed at least 860 buildings, shocking even fire-seasoned residents, while New York City introduced a pied-à-terre tax on absentee wealthy homeowners to close its budget gap. Canada's wildfire smoke reached Toronto, highlighting transboundary climate-health impacts.

Europe

• Schengen under strain: The Spain–Italy border confrontation over Ceuta (see Top Story 5) is the defining European story of the week. Italy's refusal to lift controls by Spain's Sunday deadline and Spain's retaliatory checks threaten the EU's free-travel area at the height of tourist season.
• Russian interference concerns rising: French presidential contender Gabriel Attal filed a legal complaint over an alleged Russian disinformation campaign ahead of the April 2027 vote — the latest candidate to do so. Lithuania's border guards discovered migrant tunnels from Belarus, which analysts see as a deliberate destabilization tactic. Drone incursions over Bulgaria and Germany, and an alleged drone-bomb incident at a German airport, are fueling fears that Russia's war is entangling NATO territory, with the BBC reporting evidence of Russian-linked proxies handling drones and explosives in Germany.
• Energy and climate vulnerabilities: Germany's low gas reserves are putting Europe's winter at risk — consumers face higher costs and possible shortages if reserves aren't filled fast. Record drought and heat have lowered Danube water levels, causing an energy crisis in Hungary and Romania and exposing Nazi-era shipwrecks laden with unexploded ordnance. Iceland is debating restarting EU accession talks; the Cyprus question drew a new UN initiative from Secretary-General Guterres.

Russia & Ukraine

• Air-defense crisis: Ukraine's Patriot interceptor stockpile is exhausted, per Foreign Policy, and allies remain reluctant to replenish it — a decisive vulnerability as Russia intensifies ballistic-missile and drone barrages, including strikes near Kyiv that killed a child. Ukrainian emergency workers report growing Russian drone attacks on hospitals and ambulances.
• Diplomatic maneuvering: Zelensky's first visit to Serbia — a Moscow-friendly state — is a notable test of whether the EU-alignment pull can loosen Belgrade's Russian ties. Vucic's balancing act between Brussels and Moscow will shape the outcome of talks held Saturday.
• Domestic frictions: A viral video of Ukrainian recruitment officers detaining a man on the street ("busification") has fueled concerns over alleged abuse by enlistment personnel — a politically sensitive issue given Ukraine's manpower needs.
• Food-security shadow: Analysts warn Russia and Ukraine are mutually shutting down Black Sea shipping with strikes on ports and vessels, potentially triggering another global grain shortage.

Middle East

• Hormuz as strategic chessboard: Iran's parliamentary push to ban US/Israeli-linked shipping and toll others, alongside a near-finalized Oman shipping accord, is testing Washington's red lines. Foreign Policy assesses that any level of Iranian control would be a major win for Tehran; the UN warns of knock-on effects on fertilizer and industrial trade, a global food-security risk.
• Regional realignment: The Saudi-Turkey-Pakistan pact signals the "post-American Middle East" taking shape, per Al Jazeera. However, Foreign Policy argues Riyadh is partly the architect of its own misfortune, and the Trump administration's demand that Saudi Arabia normalize with Israel as a condition of its nuclear deal has thrown that arrangement into doubt.
• Israel-Palestine: The settler manslaughter indictment is a rare accountability step; the UN warns Gaza remains unsafe for civilians. Yemen's Houthis killed at least 10 people in attacks on the oil-rich Marib province, continuing the regional spillover.
• Internal Iranian repression: UN rights chief Volker Türk flagged a sharp spike in executions and death sentences in Iran since the US-Israeli bombing campaign began in late February, saying capital punishment is being used to suppress dissent; Iran is also wielding state-sponsored propaganda murals, now AI-supercharged, as an instrument of war.

Asia-Pacific

• Thailand in shock over school shooting: A 14-year-old killed his grandparents, then shot five people at his school near Bangkok before killing himself — eight dead and more than 30 wounded. The prime minister vowed stricter gun laws in a country with one of Asia's highest gun-ownership rates.
• India's youth politics surge: After the "Cockroach Janta Party"-led Gen Z protests brought down India's education minister, female protesters face online threats and doxxing; a new youth movement over jobs and recruitment is gathering force in Jharkhand. Prime Minister Modi is courting Gen Z directly through late-night Instagram reels. Separately, India-Bangladesh relations hit a new low after ousted Bangladeshi PM Sheikh Hasina addressed journalists in Delhi; Dhaka called her a "convicted genocider."
• Weather and climate pressures: Typhoon Dolphin lashed southern Japan (five injuries) and is heading for China, where ports have closed. El Niño is baking Southeast Asia's rice-producing regions, while Vietnam's Hmong communities are being forced to adapt to landslides and erratic rain.
• Strategic economics: The US announced a $400m investment in an Australian rare-earth mine to secure scandium supply as China restricts exports of defence-relevant minerals. Myanmar's junta chief Min Aung Hlaing sought legitimacy with a red-carpet visit to Thailand, though experts say regional acceptance remains elusive. Afghanistan's hunger crisis now affects 14 million people, including babies fed on weak tea and bread.

Africa

• Ebola response escalates in DR Congo: With cases past 4,000, the Africa CDC is shifting to door-to-door case-finding and preparing cross-strain vaccine deployment while a dedicated Bundibugyo vaccine trial begins. The outbreak's spread into displacement camps is the most worrying development.
• Sudan and South Sudan on the brink: The Security Council heard warnings of famine in four South Sudanese counties, a cholera outbreak that has killed more than 1,700, and attacks on aid workers. Sudan's el-Obeid faces "mass atrocities" risk, per UN officials.
• Climate-driven displacement: Rising Lake Baringo in Kenya has submerged communities and brought crocodiles into closer contact with people, driving a spike in attacks — a microcosm of climate-conflict dynamics across the region.
• Soft-power strains: Foreign Policy assesses South Africa's continental influence is waning following widespread xenophobic attacks, denting its international image.

Latin America

• Colombia's hard turn: The De la Espriella inauguration — backed by $1bn in US security aid — marks a decisive shift from the peace-process era to confrontation. The ELN's visible preparations for war raise the risk of a new, bloodier cycle in the countryside.
• Cuba's compounding crisis: Havana is gripped by simultaneous failures of power, fuel and internet as Washington ramps up sanctions; independent UN experts condemned the new US measures as an attempt to force change on a sovereign state through coercion, amid a deepening humanitarian crisis.
• Regional diplomacy: Mexico and Peru restored diplomatic relations after resolving an asylum row stemming from former Peruvian PM Betssy Chávez's refuge in Mexico's embassy in late 2025.

This concludes Part 1. Part 2 continues with Great Power Competition, Military & Security, Global Economy, Sanctions & Trade Restrictions, International Organizations, Elections & Political Risk, Intelligence & Cyber, Humanitarian Crises, Emerging Flashpoints, Data Snapshot, Timeline of the Week, What to Watch Next Week, and Sources.